Fixing Power Steering Failures: What You Need to Know

Power steering failure can be a frustrating and potentially dangerous problem for car owners. Fortunately, understanding the root causes of power steering issues and how to troubleshoot them can help you resolve the problem quickly and without the high cost of professional repairs. In this blog, we’ll explore common causes of power steering failure, how to diagnose the issue, and provide step-by-step instructions for fixing it yourself.

Step 1: Understanding How Power Steering Works

Power steering makes it easier to turn the steering wheel by using hydraulic or electric assist. In hydraulic power steering systems, a pump powered by the engine helps to pressurize the steering fluid, which makes steering much easier. In electric power steering systems, an electric motor provides the help.

Common problems with power steering systems include low fluid levels, leaks, a worn-out pump, or a failed steering rack. Let’s look at how to diagnose and fix these issues.

Step 2: Check the Power Steering Fluid Level

The first step in fixing power steering failure is to check the fluid level. Low fluid can cause the steering to feel heavy or unresponsive. The fluid reservoir is usually near the engine, often with a cap marked “Power Steering.”

How to Check the Fluid:

1. Turn off the engine: Make sure the engine is off and the car is on level ground.

2. Locate the power steering reservoir: It is typically a small, translucent tank located near the engine.

3. Check the fluid level: The fluid should be between the “min” and “max” lines. If it’s low, top it up with the manufacturer-recommended fluid.

4. Check for leaks: If the fluid is low, there may be a leak in the power steering system. Check for fluid puddles underneath the car and inspect the hoses and pump for signs of wear.

If your fluid levels are fine, but the steering still feels heavy or unresponsive, the issue may lie elsewhere.

You can purchase high-quality power steering fluid from Amazon to keep your system running smoothly.

Step 3: Inspect the Power Steering Pump

The power steering pump pressurizes the fluid to assist with steering. If the pump fails, you’ll notice a whining noise when you turn the wheel, and the steering will become very stiff.

How to Inspect the Power Steering Pump:

1. Listen for whining noises: A whining or groaning noise when you turn the steering wheel is often a sign that the pump is failing.

2. Check for leaks: Inspect the power steering pump and the surrounding area for signs of fluid leaks. Leaking fluid can show a damaged seal or a crack in the pump.

3. Feel for stiffness: If the steering feels unusually stiff, the pump may not be working correctly.

If the power steering pump is faulty, it may need to be replaced. This can be a bit more complicated, but it’s a repair you can do at home if you have the right tools.

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Step 4: Check the Steering Rack and Hoses

The steering rack is another potential culprit when your power steering fails. If the rack is damaged, it can prevent fluid from flowing properly, making steering difficult. Cracked or loose hoses can lead to fluid leaks, which can cause the system to fail.

How to Inspect the Steering Rack:

1. Check for leaks: Inspect the steering rack and surrounding hoses for signs of fluid leakage. A leak in the rack can cause the fluid to drain and prevent the power steering system from functioning properly.

2. Feel for unusual resistance: If there’s resistance when turning the steering wheel, the steering rack could be damaged or worn out.

How to Inspect the Hoses:

1. Look for cracks or wear: Hoses that carry power steering fluid are susceptible to wear and cracking over time. Inspect the hoses thoroughly for any visible damage.

2. Check for leaks: If you notice fluid leaking from any of the hoses, they will need to be replaced.

Step 5: Replacing the Power Steering Pump or Rack

If the power steering pump or rack is beyond repair, it will need to be replaced. Here’s a step-by-step guide for replacing the pump:

1. Remove the old pump: Start by draining the power steering fluid. Then, remove the serpentine belt, unbolt the pump from the engine, and disconnect the fluid lines.

2. Install the new pump: Position the new pump in place and reconnect the fluid lines. Make sure you securely bolt the pump into position.

3. Refill the system with power steering fluid: After installing the new pump, refill the system with the fluid and check for any leaks.

4. Bleed the system: Start the engine and turn the steering wheel back and forth several times to bleed the system of air.

If you’re replacing the steering rack, the process is similar, but it may take more time and effort to remove and install the new rack.

Step 6: Test the System

Once you’ve replaced the pump or fixed the hoses, it’s time to test the power steering system. Start the engine and turn the wheel to ensure the steering feels smooth and responsive. Check for any unusual noises or leaks.

Concluding

Power steering failures don’t have to be an expensive or complicated repair. By checking fluid levels, inspecting the power steering pump and steering rack, and replacing damaged parts, you can restore your vehicle’s power steering system and save on professional repair costs.

If you’re looking for more helpful DIY car repair guides, tools, and tips, check out our range of resources available online.